{"id":2051,"date":"2025-02-05T14:47:37","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T05:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/?p=2051"},"modified":"2026-02-14T11:39:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T02:39:53","slug":"nature-%ec%95%84%eb%8f%99%ec%9d%98-%ed%95%99%ea%b5%90-%ec%88%98%ed%95%99%eb%8a%a5%eb%a0%a5-%ec%9d%91%ec%9a%a9%ec%88%98%ed%95%99%ea%b3%bc-%ed%95%99%eb%ac%b8%ec%a0%81-%ec%88%98%ed%95%99%ea%b3%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/?p=2051","title":{"rendered":"[Nature] \uc544\ub3d9\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \uc218\ud559\ub2a5\ub825, \uc751\uc6a9\uc218\ud559\uacfc \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uc218\ud559\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>\n

\uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \u200b\u200b\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud559\uad50 \uc218\ud559\uc744 \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub294 \ud559\uad50 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc554\uc0b0\uc744 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4(Abhijit V. Banerjee \uc678, Nature<\/em> 2025)\uc740 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ucf5c\uce74\ud0c0(Kolkata)\uc640 \ub378\ub9ac(Delhi)\uc758 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774(n<\/em> \u2009= 1,436)\ub97c \uc870\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud55c \uc218\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \uad50\uc2e4\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ub418\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ubc18\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc778\uc9c0 \uc870\uc0ac\ud588\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacc4\uce35 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc758 \uac70\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc218\ud559 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud478\ub294 \ub370 \ub2a5\uc219\ud588\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc218\ud559\ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub35c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc7a5 \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uadfc\ub85c \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc758 \uc131\uacfc\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc554\uae30, \ub354 \uce5c\uc219\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 \uac10\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc131\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub192\uc740 \uc778\uc13c\ud2f0\ube0c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubc18\uba74, \uadfc\ucc98 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub4f1\ub85d\ub41c ‘\uc2dc\uc7a5 \uadfc\ub85c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774’<\/strong>(n<\/em> \u2009= 471)\ub294 \ubc18\ub300 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc218\ud559\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, 1%\ub9cc\uc774 3\ubd84\uc758 1 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c \uc544\ub3d9\uc774 \ud574\uacb0\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc62c\ubc14\ub974\uac8c \ub2f5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4(\u03b2<\/em> \u2009= 0.35, sem = 0.03; 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0 \uad6c\uac04 = 0.30\u20130.40, 
P<\/em> \u2009< 0.001). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc2dc\uc7a5 \uadfc\ub85c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc11c\uba74 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc2e4\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774\ub098 \uace0\ub4f1 \uc218\ud559\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub108\ubb34 \ub290\ub9ac\uac8c \ub2f5\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801 \uc218\ud559\uacfc \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc218\ud559 \uac04\uc758 \uaca9\ucc28\ub97c \uba54\uc6b0\ub294 \uad50\uc721 \ucee4\ub9ac\ud058\ub7fc\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Source :\u00a0https:\/\/www.nature.com\/<\/a>\u00a0(\ub124\uc774\uccd0\uc9c0, \uc5f0\uad6c\uacb0\uacfc \ubc14\ub85c\uac00\uae30)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 1: Performance of children in Kolkata working in a market (study 1).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"figure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a<\/strong>, Proportion of children who correctly answered the total amount due in transactions involving two goods sold in unusual quantities. b<\/strong>, Proportion of children who correctly answered the total amount due in hypothetical transactions. c<\/strong>, Proportion of children who were credited with labelling single-digit numbers, labelling two-digit numbers, subtracting and dividing on the ASER test, a tool for assessing numeracy used across India for the ASER. Error bars show 95% CIs around the mean (mean\u2009\u00b1\u20091.96\u2009\u00d7\u2009s.e.m.). d<\/strong>, An example of this arithmetic assessment tool. From left to right, each column presents items that respectively task children with identifying single-digit numbers, identifying two-digit numbers, subtracting one two-digit number from another with carrying, and long division of a three-digit number by a single-digit number with a remainder. For grade\u20095 children, the ASER test begins with the subtraction task and proceeds to the right (division) if children succeed and to the left (identifying two-digit numbers) if they fail. Because success at each level requires mastery of the operations required by the tasks to its left, children who succeed at a given level are credited with mastery of all the levels below it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 2: Performance of working and non-working children in Delhi (study 2).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"figure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a<\/strong>, The proportion of children who correctly answered the total amount due in three transactions involving two goods sold in unusual quantities. b<\/strong>, The proportion of children who correctly answered the total amount due in five hypothetical transactions. c<\/strong>, The proportion of children who were credited with labelling single-digit numbers, labelling two-digit numbers, subtracting and dividing on the ASER test. Error bars show 95% CIs around the mean (mean\u2009\u00b1\u20091.96\u2009\u00d7\u2009s.e.m.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 3: Calculation methods of working and non-working children in Delhi (study 2).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"figure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a<\/strong>, The proportion of children who used pen and paper, classified by respondent type and type of exercise. b<\/strong>, The number of times that working and non-working children wrote numbers and operations in the paper given to them for non-oral exercises. Error bars show 95% CIs around the mean (mean\u2009\u00b1\u20091.96\u2009\u00d7\u2009s.e.m.). c<\/strong>, Example of calculations on paper written by a non-working child.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n

\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \u200b\u200b\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud559\uad50 \uc218\ud559\uc744 \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\ub294 \ud559\uad50 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \uc554\uc0b0\uc744 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4(Abhijit V. Banerjee \uc678, Nature 2025)\uc740 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ucf5c\uce74\ud0c0(Kolkata)\uc640 \ub378\ub9ac(Delhi)\uc758 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774(n \u2009= 1,436)\ub97c \uc870\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b5\ub4dd\ud55c \uc218\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \uad50\uc2e4\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ub418\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ubc18\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc778\uc9c0 \uc870\uc0ac\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacc4\uce35 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc758 \uac70\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2052,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,2803],"tags":[1771,1772,1774,1769,1766,1765,1770,1768,1767,1773],"class_list":["post-2051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-tech","tag-intuitive-and-formal-maths","tag-mathematics","tag-school-mathematics","tag-1769","tag-1766","tag-1765","tag-1770","tag-1768","tag-1767","tag-1773"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/digital-jurist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/geometry-1023846_1280.jpg?fit=1280%2C718&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2051"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2056,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051\/revisions\/2056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digital-jurist.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}